Upper & Lower Limb Ulcers
Upper & Lower Limb Ulcers
Written byTriantafyllos Giannakopoulos MD, PhD, FEBVS, FACSMedically reviewed: 27 July 2026
Specialized Diagnosis and Treatment of Arterial and Venous Ulcers with Modern Methods
Skin — Your Health Shield
The Skin is the protective shield that separates our body from the external environment and is armed with a variety of defense mechanisms crucial for maintaining health. At the same time, the Skin is very sensitive to disturbances in the blood supply circulating in its vessels, which are very small in size and are called Capillaries.
Arteries carry blood from the heart, ending in Capillary Arterioles in the epidermis that provide the skin with oxygen and nutrients for proper function. Blood, now oxygen-poor and filled with toxic metabolic byproducts, is returned via vessels called Capillary Venules, which carry it back toward the heart, gradually forming larger vessels — the Veins.

Illustration of skin structure and protection
Arterial Ulcers — A Serious Threat

Illustration of arterial ulcer on the lower limb
Arterial skin ulcers are those that form when the skin is not adequately supplied with oxygen due to a lack of arterial blood (ischemia) caused by arterial narrowing. Arterial ulcers usually first appear on the tips of the toes as black necrotic spots or confluent plaques and are mostly accompanied by pain.
Due to the sensitivity of the skin, ischemic ulcers can also appear without arterial blockage, either from (A) prolonged pressure on a specific area of the skin (pressure sores in chronically bedridden patients) or (B) from prolonged exposure to severe cold, where prolonged vasoconstriction due to low temperature causes oxygen deprivation and necrosis of the epidermis (frostbite, chilblains).
Causes of Arterial Ulcers
Don't Let Arterial Ulcers Affect You
Contact us today for a comprehensive assessment and personalized treatment plan. Your vascular health is our priority.
Venous Ulcers
Venous ulcers (stasis ulcers) form when there is persistent and prolonged Venous Stasis due to venous insufficiency or thrombosis and post-thrombotic syndrome. Their usual location is the anterior and medial surface of the shin and ankle, and the skin often appears red/gray/brown before their appearance.
Quite often, stasis ulcers are accompanied by microbial superinfection which should not be overlooked. The cornerstone of chronic ulcer treatment is a Holistic Approach.
At Vascular Therapy, all modern techniques and means for treating chronic ulcers are applied (compression bandaging, dressings, VAC vacuum therapy). In cases where the patient cooperates and complies with the treating physician's instructions, at Vascular Therapy we provide impressive healing rates even for the most resistant chronic ulcers.
Impressive Results
With patient cooperation and the application of modern techniques, we achieve excellent healing rates even for the most difficult chronic ulcers.

Illustration of venous ulcers on the lower limb
Modern Treatment Methods
Holistic approach with modern techniques for treating chronic ulcers
Compression Bandaging
Application of specialized compression bandaging to reduce venous stasis and promote healing.
Special Dressings
Use of advanced dressings that accelerate healing and protect the ulcer from infections.
VAC Vacuum Therapy
Modern Negative Pressure Wound Therapy technique for effective treatment of difficult ulcers.
Contact Us
Interested in upper and lower limb ulcer treatment? Contact us for a detailed evaluation and to discuss the most suitable options for you.
Related Conditions
References
- De Maeseneer MG, et al. ESVS 2022 Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Chronic Venous Disease of the Lower Limbs. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 63(2):184–267 (2022) — doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2021.12.024
- Fitridge R, et al. Intersocietal IWGDF, ESVS, SVS Guidelines on Peripheral Artery Disease in People with Diabetes Mellitus and a Foot Ulcer. J Vasc Surg 78(5):1101–1131 (2023) — doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2023.07.020
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